Objective: To explore the efficacy and effective node of short-term personalized vestibular rehabilitation (ST-PVR) in treating acute unilateral vestibulopathy (AUVP). Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out. The AUVP patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2022 to March 2023 were selected and randomized to the vestibular rehabilitation (VR) group and control group via computer-generated randomization. Standard care was the medical treatment with betahistine and prednisolone. Meanwhile, the VR group received ST-PVR. All the patients completed the baseline assessment and underwent follow-up assessments at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. The assessments were consisted of spontaneous nystagmus (NYS), Romberg test (ROM), head thrust test (HTT), visual analogue scale (VAS) for vertigo, dizziness handicap inventory scale (DHI), activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC), caloric test using video-electronystagmograph (VNG), and video-head impulse test (vHIT). The measurement data that did not conform to normal distribution were represented by M (Q1, Q3). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the influence of the ST-PVR on the values of these clinical indicators and the VR grading score. The values of clinical indicators and the VR grading score were compared between the two groups at each follow-up point. Results: Seventy-one AUVP patients were included, with 35 cases in the VR group [14 males and 21 females, aged 51 (33, 55) years] and 36 cases in control group [17 males and 19 females, aged 46 (34, 59) years]. There were statistically significant differences in the impact of ST-PVR on the values of clinical indicators between the two groups (ABC: β=10.89, P<0.001; VAS: β=-1.64, P<0.001; DHI: β=-8.70, P<0.001; NYS: β=26.73, P<0.001; vHIT: β=1.41, P=0.047; the VR grading score: β=1.03, P=0.045). The assessments of the VR group in the positive rate of NYS [14.3% (5/35) vs 50.0% (18/36), P<0.001], ROM [48.6% (17/35) vs 55.6% (20/36), P<0.001], directional preponderance (DP) [34.3% (12/35) vs 75.0% (27/36), P<0.001] and DHI [26 (22, 32) vs 36 (30, 60), P=0.001] were significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 month after the treatment. The results showed a statistically significant difference in ABC [88 (80, 90) vs 76 (61, 88), P<0.001], VAS [2 (1, 3) vs 3 (2, 5), P<0.001] at 3-months after the treatment. The VR grading score of the VR group was improved significantly than those of the control group at 1 month after treatment [21 (17, 21) vs 16 (13, 20), P=0.001]. Conclusion: ST-PVR could improve the results of clinical indicators and VR grading score of the AUVP patients effectively after 1 month of the systematical treatment, and alleviate the symptoms and signs of dizziness in the acute phase as early as possible.
目的： 探讨短时程个性化前庭康复（ST-PVR）对急性单侧前庭病（AUVP）的疗效及起效节点。 方法： 随机对照试验。纳入2022年7月至2023年3月郑州大学第一附属医院的AUVP患者，计算机随机分为前庭康复（VR）组和对照组。所有受试者均接受倍他司汀和泼尼松药物治疗，VR组同时接受ST-PVR治疗。两组患者在基线及治疗1个月、3个月的两次随访时点均完成自发性眼震（NYS）、Romberg试验（ROM）、甩头试验（HTT）、眩晕视觉模拟评分（VAS）、眩晕残障量表（DHI）、特异性活动平衡信心（ABC）量表、温度试验中的单侧减弱（UW）和优势偏向（DP）、视频头脉冲试验（vHIT）8项评估。不服从正态分布的计量资料以M（Q1，Q3）表示；采用广义估计方程分析ST-PVR对各项临床指标及康复分级评分的影响，在各随访点对两组临床指标及康复分级评分进行比较。 结果： 共纳入71例AUVP患者，VR组35例，男14例，女21例，年龄51（33，55）岁；对照组36例，男17例，女19例，年龄46（34，59）岁。随访过程中VR组ABC（β=10.89，P<0.001）、VAS（β=-1.64，P<0.001）、DHI（β=-8.70，P<0.001）、NYS（β=26.73，P<0.001）、vHIT（β=1.41，P=0.047）及康复分级评分（β=1.03，P=0.045）结果均优于对照组。治疗1个月时，VR组的NYS［14.3%（5/35）比50.0%（18/36），P<0.001］、ROM［48.6%（17/35）比55.6%（20/36），P<0.001］、DP［34.3%（12/35）比75.0%（27/36），P<0.001］阳性率及DHI［26（22，32）分比36（30，60）分，P=0.001］均低于对照组。治疗3个月时，VR组的ABC［88（80，90）分比76（61，88）分，P<0.001］、VAS［2（1，3）分比3（2，5）分，P<0.001］均较对照组改善。VR组在治疗1个月后的康复分级评分高于对照组［21（17，21）分比16（13，20）分，P=0.001］。 结论： ST-PVR在系统治疗1个月后即可有效改善AUVP患者的临床指标和康复分级评分，更早缓解急性期症状和体征。.