Anti-VEGF treatment for secondary neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum - age of onset, treatment frequency and visual outcome

Kristin Raming; Maximilian Pfau; Philipp Herrmann; Frank G Holz; Kristina Pfau

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.026

Anti-VEGF treatment for secondary neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum - age of onset, treatment frequency and visual outcome

Am J Ophthalmol. 2024 Apr 11:S0002-9394(24)00137-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.026. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Kristin Raming¹, Maximilian Pfau², Philipp Herrmann¹, Frank G Holz¹, Kristina Pfau³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
² Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Kristina.Pfau@ukbonn.de.

PMID: 38614195
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.026

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the onset, treatment frequency, and visual outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment due to secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).

Design: Retrospective cohort study METHODS: One-hundred six eyes of 53 patients with PXE were analyzed. The assessment of CNV activity relied on hemorrhage visible on funduscopy and intra- / subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT), individually defining a shortening or extension of treatment interval. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, age at anti-VEGF therapy initiation, and BCVA-drop events at exudation onset (worsening of BCVA of 2 or more lines) were documented. Further, we assessed the number of injections during the first year and the total number of injections, the time to treatment initiation of the fellow eye, and BCVA over time.

Results: During a median observation period of 77 months (IQR 49; 126) patients received a median number of 28.0 anti VEGF-injections (IQR 9.8; 43.5). Eight patients received no injection (median age at baseline 38.1 years), 11 patients underwent anti-VEGF treatment in one eye (median age 47.2 years) and 34 patients in both eyes (median age 51.8 years). The median age at the first anti-VEGF treatment was 52.80 years (IQR 47.2 - 57.6). Applying Cox regression models, the median 'survival' time of fellow eye until treatment initiation was 16.8 months. In the group of bilateral treated patients, the median time difference was 9.6 months (IQR 2.1 - 32.4, range 0 - 122) The median number of injections was 5.5 per eye in the first year of treatment (IQR 3 - 7) and was associated with the total number of injections in the observation period (2.33, CI 1.22 - 3.44, p<0.001). A better BCVA at the last follow-up visit was associated with a better baseline BCVA (p<0.001, R²=0.318) and with the absence of a BCVA drop at the onset of exudation (p=0.035, R²=0.339).

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that anti-VEGF treatment is required for most PXE patients at a relatively young age. Once treatment in one eye is initiated, the time to fellow eye treatment is relatively short. A BCVA drop before treatment initiation is a risk factor for worse visual outcomes, suggesting that treatment is prudent before exudation affects the central retina. Given the young age of onset and intensive treatment needs, patients with PXE might particularly benefit from longer-acting anti-VEGF therapeutics.

Keywords: Bruch's membrane; PXE; Pseudoxanthoma elasticum; anti-VEGF.