Adiponectin as a predictor of mortality and readmission in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Arnold Matovu Dungu; Camilla Koch Ryrsø; Maria Hein Hegelund; Adin Sejdic; Andreas Vestergaard Jensen; Peter Lommer Kristensen; Rikke Krogh-Madsen; Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen; Birgitte Lindegaard

doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1329417

Adiponectin as a predictor of mortality and readmission in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Apr 2:11:1329417. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329417. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark.
² Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³ Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark.
⁴ Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁵ Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁶ Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Abstract

Background: Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and is inversely associated with obesity. Given the association between low body mass index (BMI) and higher mortality risk after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we hypothesized that high adiponectin levels are associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CAP.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 502 patients hospitalized with CAP, adiponectin was measured in serum at admission. The associations between adiponectin and clinical outcomes were estimated with logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and measures of obesity (BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage).

Results: Adiponectin was associated with higher 90-day mortality for each 1 μg/mL increase [OR 1.02, 95% CI (1.00, 1.04), p = 0.048] independent of age and sex. Likewise, adiponectin was associated with a higher risk of 90-day readmission for each 1 μg/mL increase [OR 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04), p = 0.007] independent of age and sex. The association between adiponectin and 90-day mortality disappeared, while the association with 90-day readmission remained after adjusting for adiposity.

Conclusion: Adiponectin was positively associated with mortality and readmission. The association with mortality depended on low body fat, whereas the association with readmission risk was independent of obesity.

Keywords: adiponectin; body mass index; community-acquired pneumonia; mortality; readmission.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by grants from the Research Council at Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, Grosserer L. F. Foghts Fond, Olga Bryde Nielsens Fond, Helen Rudes Fond, Kaptajnløjtnant Harald Jensens og Hustrus Fond, and Fonden til Lægevidenskabens Fremme. The funding sources were not involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.