Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma of the skeletal muscle

Skeletal Radiol. 2025 Jan;54(1):141-146. doi: 10.1007/s00256-024-04680-w. Epub 2024 Apr 20.

Abstract

This case report highlights a case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma initially misdiagnosed as myositis, emphasizing the appearance on both MRI and FDG PET images. The patient presented with systemic symptoms and calf muscle swelling, prompting imaging studies that revealed diffuse muscle involvement. Despite negative myositis markers and inconclusive biopsy, post-amputation findings confirmed lymphoma with EBV positivity. The appearance in both MRI and FDG PET complicated the diagnostic process, underscoring the importance of considering lymphoma in cases of muscle-related symptoms to prevent delays in appropriate management. This case contributes to the understanding of the diagnostic challenges associated with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and emphasizes the significance of peripheral band-like features in imaging studies.

Keywords: Lymphoma; Musculoskeletal.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell* / diagnostic imaging
  • Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell* / pathology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
  • Muscle Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
  • Muscle, Skeletal / diagnostic imaging
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Myositis / diagnostic imaging
  • Positron-Emission Tomography* / methods
  • Radiopharmaceuticals*

Substances

  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
  • Radiopharmaceuticals