Kinetics of Different Blood Biomarkers during Polymyxin-B Extracorporeal Hemoperfusion in Abdominal Sepsis

Blood Purif. 2024;53(7):574-582. doi: 10.1159/000538870. Epub 2024 Apr 23.

Abstract

Introduction: Comparison of the marker kinetics procalcitonin, presepsin, and endotoxin during extracorporeal hemoperfusion with polymyxin-B adsorbing cartridge (PMX-HA) has never been described in abdominal sepsis. We aimed to compare the trend of three biomarkers in septic post-surgical abdominal patients in intensive care unit (ICU) treated with PMX-HA and their prognostic value.

Methods: Ninety abdominal post-surgical patients were enrolled into different groups according to the evidence of postoperative sepsis or not. Non-septic patients admitted in the surgical ward were included in C group (control group). ICU septic shock patients with endotoxin levels <0.6 EAA receiving conventional therapy were addressed in S group and those with endotoxin levels ≥0.6 EAA receiving treatment with PMX-HA, besides conventional therapy, were included in SPB group. Presepsin, procalcitonin, endotoxin and other clinical data were recorded at 24 h (T0), 72 h (T1) and 7 days (T2) after surgery. Clinical follow-up was performed on day 30.

Results: SPB group showed reduced levels of the three biomarkers on T2 versus T0 (p < 0.001); presepsin, procalcitonin and endotoxin levels decreased, respectively, by 25%, 11%, and 2% on T1 versus T0, and 40%, 41%, and 26% on T2 versus T0. All patients in C group, 73% of patients in SPB group versus 37% of patients in S group survived at follow-up. Moreover, procalcitonin had the highest predictive value for mortality at 30 days, followed by presepsin.

Conclusion: The present study showed the reliability of presepsin in monitoring PMX-HA treatment in septic shock patients. Procalcitonin showed better predicting power for the mortality riSsk.

Keywords: Abdominal surgery; Endotoxin; Polymyxin-B adsorbing cartridge; Presepsin; Procalcitonin; Sepsis.

MeSH terms

  • Abdomen / surgery
  • Aged
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Biomarkers* / blood
  • Endotoxins* / blood
  • Female
  • Hemoperfusion* / methods
  • Humans
  • Lipopolysaccharide Receptors* / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peptide Fragments* / blood
  • Polymyxin B*
  • Procalcitonin* / blood
  • Prognosis
  • Sepsis* / blood
  • Sepsis* / mortality
  • Sepsis* / therapy
  • Shock, Septic / blood
  • Shock, Septic / mortality
  • Shock, Septic / therapy

Substances

  • Polymyxin B
  • Biomarkers
  • Procalcitonin
  • Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
  • presepsin protein, human
  • Endotoxins
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents