Hormone Therapy During Infancy or Early Childhood for Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism, Klinefelter or Turner Syndrome: Has the Time Come?

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2024 Jun;53(2):307-320. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2024.02.003. Epub 2024 Mar 8.

Abstract

Managing patients unable to produce sex steroids using gonadotropins to mimic minipuberty in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, or sex steroids in patients with Klinefelter or Turner syndrome, is promising. There is a need to pursue research in this area, with large prospective cohorts and long-term data before these treatments can be routinely considered.

Keywords: Androgens; Estrogens; Gonadotropins; Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; Klinefelter syndrome; Minipuberty; Turner syndrome.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Gonadotropins / therapeutic use
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy / methods
  • Humans
  • Hypogonadism* / drug therapy
  • Hypogonadism* / etiology
  • Infant
  • Klinefelter Syndrome* / complications
  • Klinefelter Syndrome* / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Turner Syndrome* / complications
  • Turner Syndrome* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Gonadotropins