Prenatal and postnatal factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome: an umbrella review of meta-analyses

Tae Hyeon Kim; Hyeri Lee; Selin Woo; Hayeon Lee; Jaeyu Park; Guillaume Fond; Laurent Boyer; Jong Woo Hahn; Jiseung Kang; Dong Keon Yon

doi:10.1007/s12519-024-00806-1

Prenatal and postnatal factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome: an umbrella review of meta-analyses

World J Pediatr. 2024 Apr 29. doi: 10.1007/s12519-024-00806-1. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Tae Hyeon Kim¹, Hyeri Lee^{2

3}, Selin Woo², Hayeon Lee^{2

4}, Jaeyu Park^{2

3}, Guillaume Fond⁵, Laurent Boyer⁵, Jong Woo Hahn^{6

7}, Jiseung Kang^{8

9}, Dong Keon Yon^{10

11

12

13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
² Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
³ Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea.
⁵ CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
⁸ Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 4140, Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA. wltmd1006@gmail.com.
⁹ Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wltmd1006@gmail.com.
¹⁰ Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. yonkkang@gmail.com.
¹¹ Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. yonkkang@gmail.com.
¹² Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. yonkkang@gmail.com.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea. yonkkang@gmail.com.
¹⁴ Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. yonkkang@gmail.com.

PMID: 38684567
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00806-1

Abstract

Background: Comprehensive quantitative evidence on the risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) effects is lacking. We investigated the risk and protective factors related to SIDS.

Methods: We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies assessing SIDS-related factors. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, EBSCO, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until January 18, 2023. Data extraction, quality assessment, and certainty of evidence were assessed by using A Measurement Tool Assessment Systematic Reviews 2 following PRISMA guidelines. According to observational evidence, credibility was graded and classified by class and quality of evidence (CE; convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant). Our study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023458696). The risk and protective factors related to SIDS are presented as equivalent odds ratios (eORs).

Results: We identified eight original meta-analyses, including 152 original articles, covering 12 unique risk and protective factors for SIDS across 21 countries/regions and five continents. Several risk factors, including prenatal drug exposure [eOR = 7.84 (95% CI = 4.81-12.79), CE = highly suggestive], prenatal opioid exposure [9.55 (95% CI = 4.87-18.72), CE = suggestive], prenatal methadone exposure [9.52 (95% CI = 3.34-27.10), CE = weak], prenatal cocaine exposure [4.38 (95% CI = 1.95-9.86), CE = weak], prenatal maternal smoking [2.25 (95% CI = 1.95-2.60), CE = highly suggestive], postnatal maternal smoking [1.97 (95% CI = 1.75-2.22), CE = weak], bed sharing [2.89 (95% CI = 1.81-4.60), CE = weak], and infants found with heads covered by bedclothes after last sleep [11.01 (95% CI = 5.40-22.45), CE = suggestive], were identified. On the other hand, three protective factors, namely, breastfeeding [0.57 (95% CI = 0.39-0.83), CE = non-significant], supine sleeping position [0.48 (95% CI = 0.37-0.63), CE = suggestive], and pacifier use [0.44 (95% CI = 0.30-0.65), CE = weak], were also identified.

Conclusions: Based on the evidence, we propose several risk and protective factors for SIDS. This study suggests the need for further studies on SIDS-related factors supported by weak credibility, no association, or a lack of adequate research.

Keywords: Infant; Protective factor; Risk factor; Sudden infant death syndrome; Umbrella review.

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Review

Abstract

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