Objective: To explore the differences in clinical characteristics and interocular interactions between patients with anisometropic amblyopia and ametropic amblyopia. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The newly diagnosed anisometropic (the binocular difference in spherical equivalent≥1.00 D) amblyopia patients and ametropic amblyopia patients (aged 4 to 6 years) in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were involved. Patients were further categorized by the refractive status after cycloplegia, including hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia with astigmatism, myopia with astigmatism, mild anisometropia and severe anisometropia. Quantitative measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR), stereoacuity (transformed to log units), perceptual eye position and interocular suppression were performed, and the differences between groups were analyzed. The rank sum test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: The average age of 45 ametropic amblyopia patients (21 males and 24 females) and 84 anisometropic amblyopia patients (48 males and 36 females) was 5.0 (4.0, 5.0) years and 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) years, respectively. The interocular differences in spherical equivalent [2.56 (1.50, 4.19) D vs. 0.25 (0.13, 0.56) D] and best-corrected visual acuity [0.40 (0.18, 0.70) logMAR vs. 0.07 (0.00, 0.12) logMAR] were larger in patients with anisometropic amblyopia than those with ametropic amblyopia. The anisometropic amblyopia patients had worse stereoacuity [2.60 (2.00, 2.90) log arcsec vs. 2.00 (2.00, 2.30) log arcsec] and deeper suppression [20.0% (13.3%, 40.0%) vs. 10.0% (0, 23.3%)], compared with the ametropic amblyopia patients. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The suppression and stereoacuity between patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia [suppression, 30.0% (17.5%, 50.0%); stereoacuity, 2.90 (2.30, 2.90) log arcsec] and astigmatic anisometropic amblyopia [suppression, 10.0% (0, 20.0%); stereoacuity, 2.00 (2.00, 2.30) log arcsec] were significantly different (P<0.05). The differences of suppression and stereoacuity between patients with severe (binocular difference in spherical equivalent>2.50 D) [suppression, 30.0% (20.0%, 53.3%); stereoacuity, 2.90 (2.57, 2.90) log arcsec] and mild anisometropia [suppression, 20.0% (0, 30.0%); stereoacuity, 2.00 (2.00, 2.90) log arcsec] were also statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Patients with anisometropic amblyopia have deeper binocular suppression, worse stereoacuity and more severe binocular interaction abnormality than those with ametropic amblyopia. The severity of anisometropia affects the degree of the interaction abnormality.
目的： 探讨屈光参差性弱视与屈光不正性弱视的临床特征和双眼之间相互作用的差异。 方法： 横断面研究。收集2020年1月至2022年12月在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心就诊的4~6岁初次诊断为屈光参差（双眼等效球镜度数差值≥1.00 D）性弱视和屈光不正性弱视患者，散瞳验光后，根据屈光状态因素进行分类，分为远视、近视、散光、远视合并散光、近视合并散光以及轻度和重度类型。采用定量方法检查每类患者的最佳矫正视力（最小分辨角对数视力）、立体视觉（对数记录）、知觉眼位、抑制度等，并进行比较。采用秩和检验进行统计学分析。 结果： 屈光不正性弱视45例患者，男性21例，女性24例；年龄为5.0（4.0，5.0）岁。屈光参差性弱视84例患者，男性48例，女性36例；年龄为5.0（4.0，6.0）岁。屈光参差性弱视的双眼等效球镜度数差值［2.56（1.50，4.19）D］和双眼最佳矫正视力差值［0.40（0.18，0.70）］更大，立体视觉［2.60（2.00，2.90）］更差，抑制度更重［20.0%（13.3%，40.0%）］，与屈光不正性弱视［0.25（0.13，0.56）D、0.07（0.00，0.12）、2.00（2.00，2.30）、10.0%（0，23.3%）］比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。远视屈光参差性弱视的抑制度［30.0%（17.5%，50.0%）］和立体视觉［2.90（2.30，2.90）］与散光屈光参差性弱视［10.0%（0，20.0%）和2.00（2.00，2.30）］比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。重度屈光参差（双眼等效球镜度数差值>2.50 D）性弱视的抑制度［30.0%（20.0%，53.3%）］和立体视觉［2.90（2.57，2.90）］与轻度屈光参差性弱视［20.0%（0，30.0%）和2.00（2.00，2.90）］比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论： 与屈光不正性弱视比较，屈光参差性弱视的抑制度更重，立体视觉更差，双眼之间相互作用异常更严重。屈光参差度数影响双眼之间作用异常程度。.