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. 2024 May 6;12(3):e004155.
doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004155.

Multidisciplinary proactive e-consults to improve guideline-directed medical therapies for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an implementation study

Sharon Rikin  1   2 , Laurie Bauman  3 , Ivelina Arnaoudova  3 , Katherine DiPalo  3   2 , Nisha Suda  3   2 , Sonali Gupta  3   2 , Yuting Deng  3 , Ladan Golestaneh  3   2
Affiliations

Multidisciplinary proactive e-consults to improve guideline-directed medical therapies for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: an implementation study

Sharon Rikin et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. .

Abstract

Introduction: We hypothesized that multidisciplinary, proactive electronic consultation (MPE) could overcome barriers to prescribing guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMTs) for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Research design and methods: We conducted an efficacy-implementation pilot study of MPE for T2D and CKD for primary care provider (PCP)-patient dyads at an academic health system. MPE included (1) a dashboard to identify patients without a prescription for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and without a maximum dose prescription for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), (2) a multidisciplinary team of specialists to provide recommendations using e-consult templates, and (3) a workflow to deliver timely e-consult recommendations to PCPs. In-depth interviews were conducted with PCPs and specialists to assess feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of MPE and were analyzed using an iterative qualitative analysis approach to identify major themes. Prescription data were extracted from the electronic health record to assess preliminary effectiveness to increase GDMT.

Results: 20 PCPs agreed to participate, 18 PCPs received MPEs for one of their patients with T2D and CKD, and 16 PCPs and 2 specialists were interviewed. Major themes were as follows: appropriateness of prioritization of GDMT for T2D and CKD, acceptability of the content of the recommendations, PCP characteristics impact experience with MPE, acceptability and appropriateness of multidisciplinary collaboration, feasibility of MPE to overcome patient-specific barriers to GDMT, and appropriateness of workflow. At 6 months postbaseline, 7/18 (39%) patients were newly prescribed an SGLT2i, and 7/18 (39%) patients were either newly prescribed or had increased dose of RAASi.

Conclusions: MPE was an acceptable and appropriate health system strategy to identify and address gaps in GDMT among patients with T2D and CKD. Adopting MPE could enhance GDMT, though PCPs raised feasibility concerns which could be improved with program enhancements, including follow-up e-consults for reinforcement, and administrative support for navigating system-level barriers.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Services Research; Kidney Diseases; Quality Improvement.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: KD and LG report grant funding from Astra Zeneca and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy for research related to optimizing medical therapy for patients with chronic kidney disease. The other authors have no disclosures.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multidisciplinary, proactive e-consult workflow and study timeline. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; EHR, electronic health record; HTN, hypertension; PCP, primary care provider; RAASi, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
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