Do institutions matter for citizens' health status? Empirical evidence from Italy

Eur J Health Econ. 2025 Feb;26(1):95-115. doi: 10.1007/s10198-024-01689-9. Epub 2024 May 9.

Abstract

This paper investigates the role of institutional quality in explaining cross-regional variation in population health status in Italy. We first introduce a composite Regional Health Status Indicator summarizing life expectancy, mortality and morbidity data. Then, we study the empirical relationship between this indicator and a set of socioeconomic, health system and institutional controls at the Italian regional level over the period of 2011-2019. We find that institutional quality is a driver of population health. Furthermore, well-functioning local institutions and regions compliant with national standards in terms of public healthcare services (Essential Levels of Care) make socioeconomic context no longer relevant for population health, potentially reducing inequalities.

Keywords: Health status; Institutional quality; Italian regions; Life expectancy; Morbidity; Mortality.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Female
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Health Status Indicators
  • Health Status*
  • Humans
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • Life Expectancy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Morbidity
  • Mortality
  • Population Health* / statistics & numerical data
  • Quality of Health Care*
  • Socioeconomic Factors