Computerized surgical navigation resection of pelvic region simulated bone tumors using skin fiducial marker registration: an in vitro cadaveric study

John Whitaker; Tolani Are; Campbell Edwards; John Nyland; Shikha Sachdeva; Jon Carlson; Rodolfo Zamora

doi:10.1007/s00590-024-03978-8

Computerized surgical navigation resection of pelvic region simulated bone tumors using skin fiducial marker registration: an in vitro cadaveric study

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2024 May 14. doi: 10.1007/s00590-024-03978-8. Online ahead of print.

Authors

John Whitaker¹, Tolani Are¹, Campbell Edwards¹, John Nyland^{1

2}, Shikha Sachdeva¹, Jon Carlson¹, Rodolfo Zamora³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson St., 1st Floor ACB, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
² Norton Orthopedic Institute, Louisville, USA.
³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson St., 1st Floor ACB, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. rodolfo.zamora@louisville.edu.

PMID: 38743103
DOI: 10.1007/s00590-024-03978-8

Abstract

Introduction: Computerized surgical navigation system guidance can improve bone tumor surgical resection accuracy. This study compared the 10-mm planned resection margin agreement between simulated pelvic-region bone tumors (SPBT) resected using either skin fiducial markers or Kirschner (K)-wires inserted directly into osseous landmarks with navigational system registration under direct observation. We hypothesized that skin fiducial markers would display similar resection margin accuracy.

Methods: Six cadaveric pelvises had one SPBT implanted into each supra-acetabular region. At the left hemi-pelvis, the skin fiducial marker group had guidance from markers placed over the pubic tubercle, the anterior superior iliac spine, the central and more posterior iliac crest, and the greater trochanter (5 markers). At the right hemi-pelvis, the K-wire group had guidance from 1.4-mm-diameter wires inserted into the pubic tubercle, and 3 inserted along the iliac crest (4 K-wires). The senior author, a fellowship-trained surgeon performed "en bloc" SPBT resections. The primary investigator, blinded to group assignment, measured actual resection margins.

Results: Twenty of 22 resection margins (91%) in the skin fiducial marker group were within the Bland-Altman plot 95% confidence interval for actual-planned margin mean difference (mean = -0.23 mm; 95% confidence intervals = 2.8 mm, - 3.3 mm). Twenty-one of 22 resection margins (95%) in the K-wire group were within the 95% confidence interval of actual-planned margin mean difference (mean = 0.26 mm; 95% confidence intervals = 1.7 mm, - 1.1 mm).

Conclusion: Pelvic bone tumor resection with navigational guidance from skin fiducial markers placed over osseous landmarks provided similar accuracy to K-wires inserted into osseous landmarks. Further in vitro studies with different SPBT dimensions/locations and clinical studies will better delineate use efficacy.

Keywords: Medical imaging; Orthopedic oncology; Surgical planning; Tumor resection.