Objectives: Self-efficacy for illness management is increasingly recognized as important for outcomes in cancer. We examined whether The Big Five personality dimensions were associated with self-efficacy for illness management and hypothesized that patients who were less neurotic and more conscientious would have better self-efficacy.
Methods: Adults with cancer completed a cross-sectional survey that included the Mini-International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and three subscales of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Self-Efficacy for Chronic Conditions: managing emotions, managing symptoms, and managing treatment and medication. Linear regressions were used to test the hypotheses, while controlling for covariates.
Results: The personality and PROMIS self-efficacy measures demonstrated good evidence of reliability (median Cronbach's alpha = .78, range of .69-.92) and validity (intercorrelations). As hypothesized, patients who were less neurotic or more conscientious had higher levels of illness self-efficacy overall and on each of the three subscales (all ps < .001). Openness was associated with better self-management of symptoms (p = .013) and emotions (p = .040). Extraversion was associated with better self-management of emotions (p = .024).
Conclusions: Personality plays a vital role in illness self-efficacy for patients with cancer.
Practice implications: As a part of multidisciplinary care teams, psychosocial experts can use these findings to help patients better manage their illness.
Keywords: Cancer; Motivation; Oncology; Personality; Psycho-oncology.