Seasonal occurrence and individual variability of bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, in a marine reserve of the southwestern Gulf of California

PeerJ. 2024 May 16:12:e17192. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17192. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: Studying how the bull sharks aggregate and how they can be driven by life history traits such as reproduction, prey availability, predator avoidance and social interaction in a National Park such as Cabo Pulmo, is key to understand and protect the species.

Methods: The occurrence variability of 32 bull sharks tracked with passive acoustic telemetry were investigated via a hierarchical logistic regression model, with inference conducted in a Bayesian framework, comparing sex, and their response to temperature and chlorophyll.

Results: Based on the fitted model, occurrence probability varied by sex and length. Juvenile females had the highest values, whereas adult males the lowest. A strong seasonality or day of the year was recorded, where sharks were generally absent during September-November. However, some sharks did not show the common pattern, being detected just for a short period. This is one of the first studies where the Bayesian framework is used to study passive acoustic telemetry proving the potential to be used in further studies.

Keywords: Acoustic telemetry; Bayesian models; Bull sharks; Cabo Pulmo; Movement ecology; Probabilistic models; Residency patterns; Residency probability; Sexual segregation; Temporal patterns.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bayes Theorem*
  • California
  • Female
  • Male
  • Seasons*
  • Sharks* / physiology
  • Telemetry

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Funding for this project was provided by Pelagios Kakunjá with grants from the Paul Angell Foundation, International Community Foundation, Alianza WWFFundación Carlos Slim, Alianza WWF-Telmex-Telcel, Sherwood Scuba Marine Conservation and Ocean Blue Tree. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.