Modern-Day Therapeutics and Ongoing Clinical Trials against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Rohit Kumar Tiwari; Afza Ahmad; Muskan Chadha; Kingshuk Saha; Harshita Verma; Kalpojit Borgohain; Ratnakar Shukla

doi:10.2174/0115733998294919240506044544

Modern-Day Therapeutics and Ongoing Clinical Trials against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Curr Diabetes Rev. 2024 May 17. doi: 10.2174/0115733998294919240506044544. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Rohit Kumar Tiwari¹, Afza Ahmad², Muskan Chadha³, Kingshuk Saha¹, Harshita Verma⁴, Kalpojit Borgohain¹, Ratnakar Shukla¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Research, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.
² Department of Public Health, Dr. Giri Lal Gupta Institute of Public Health, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226007, India.
³ Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.
⁴ Department of Science in Biochemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysuru, Mysuru-570006, Karnataka, India.

PMID: 38766831
DOI: 10.2174/0115733998294919240506044544

Abstract

Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health concern that affects millions of people globally. The present review aims to narrate the clinical guidelines and therapeutic interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Furthermore, the present work summarizes the ongoing phase 1/2/3 and clinical trials against T2DM.

Methods: A meticulous and comprehensive literature review was performed using various databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Clinical trials database (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), and Google Scholar, to include various clinical trials and therapeutic interventions against T2DM.

Results: Based on our findings, we concluded that most T2DM-associated clinical trials are interventional. Anti-diabetic therapeutics, including insulin, metformin, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs), and Sodium- Glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are frontline therapeutics being clinically investigated. Currently, the therapeutics in phase IV clinical trials are mostly SGLT-2 inhibitors, implicating their critical contribution to the clinical management of T2DM.

Conclusion: Despite the success of T2DM treatments, a surge in innovative treatment options to reduce diabetic consequences and improve glycemic control is currently ongoing. More emphasis needs to be on exploring novel targeted drug candidates that can offer more sustained glycemic control.

Keywords: DPP-4 inhibitors; GLP-1 agonists; SGLT-2 antagonist.; Type 2 diabetes; clinical trials.