Objective: Obstetric forceps play an important role in safe childbirth, yet there is a lack of distinction between various forceps types in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate and compare perineal pressure and forces on the baby during nonrotational forceps-assisted births using Simpson-Braun forceps, Kielland forceps, and Thierry spatulas on a simulation model.
Methods: This experimental study involved six obstetricians conducting 108 forceps-assisted births on a simulation model. Instruments were assessed for their impact on perineal pressure, traction force, and operator-assessed difficulty.
Results: Thierry's spatulas exerted the lowest force on the baby, while Kielland forceps exhibited the lowest perineal pressure, though not statistically significant. An experienced obstetrician demonstrated less perineal pressure with Simpson forceps. Notably, no significant differences in difficulty were observed between instruments.
Conclusion: This study highlights distinctions in forceps performance, with Thierry spatulas applying the least force on the fetal head, while an experienced obstetrician fared better with Simpson forceps in terms of perineal pressure. Kielland forceps remain a viable alternative for nonrotational forceps births, showing comparable outcomes.
Keywords: assisted birth; birth; birth injuries; obstetrical forceps; operative birth; perineum; simulation training.
© 2024 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.