Global epidemiology of early-onset upper gastrointestinal cancer: trend from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Pojsakorn Danpanichkul; Thanida Auttapracha; Siwanart Kongarin; Ben Ponvilawan; Daniel M Simadibrata; Kwanjit Duangsonk; Supitchaya Jaruvattanadilok; Sakditad Saowapa; Kanokphong Suparan; Rashid N Lui; Suthat Liangpunsakul; Michael B Wallace; Karn Wijarnpreecha

doi:10.1111/jgh.16620

Global epidemiology of early-onset upper gastrointestinal cancer: trend from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 May 21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.16620. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Pojsakorn Danpanichkul^{1

2}, Thanida Auttapracha³, Siwanart Kongarin³, Ben Ponvilawan⁴, Daniel M Simadibrata⁵, Kwanjit Duangsonk⁶, Supitchaya Jaruvattanadilok³, Sakditad Saowapa², Kanokphong Suparan¹, Rashid N Lui⁷, Suthat Liangpunsakul^{8

9}, Michael B Wallace^{10

11}, Karn Wijarnpreecha^{12

13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
³ Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
⁵ Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁷ Department of Clinical Oncology, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
⁸ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
⁹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
¹⁰ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
¹¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
¹² Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
¹³ Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
¹⁴ BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

PMID: 38772743
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16620

Abstract

Background and aim: In recent years, there has been a growing incidence of gastrointestinal cancer in young individuals. Despite its significant morbidity and mortality, research on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer in young populations has been relatively limited. Therefore, studies on the epidemiological changes of this cancer are needed.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we examined the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from UGI cancers in the young, namely, early-onset esophageal cancer (EOEC) and early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC). These results were stratified by sex, geographical region, country, and sociodemographic index.

Results: There was a total of 185 140 cases, 120 289 deaths, and 5.70 million DALYs attributable to early-onset UGI cancers globally. From 2010 to 2019, the global incidence, death, and DALYs rates of early-onset UGI cancers decreased. In contrast, the incidence rates increased in both EOEC (+1.15%) and EOGC (+0.21%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Conclusions: Over the past decade, the burden of UGI cancer in the young has decreased. However, it has increased in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Further research to elucidate the attributable risk factors in this population is warranted.

Keywords: early‐onset cancer; epidemiology; esophageal cancer; gastric cancer.