Prevalence and Factors Affecting the Optimal and Non-optimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate in Stable and Exacerbation Phases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchial Asthma in India

Selvaraj Murugaiya; Buvaneshwari Murugesan; Prasad S

doi:10.7759/cureus.58670

Prevalence and Factors Affecting the Optimal and Non-optimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate in Stable and Exacerbation Phases of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchial Asthma in India

Cureus. 2024 Apr 21;16(4):e58670. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58670. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Authors

Selvaraj Murugaiya¹, Buvaneshwari Murugesan¹, Prasad S²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Trichy, IND.
² Department of Community Medicine, K.A.P. Viswanatham Government Medical College, Trichy, IND.

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma pose significant threats and challenges to global health care, emphasizing the need for precise inhaler therapies to overcome this burden. The optimal peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) is a crucial determinant for the right selection and effective use of an inhaler device. It also helps to improve the treatment effectiveness of obstructive airway diseases worldwide as it allows effective drug delivery to distal airways and lung parenchyma. It is used as a selection criterion by physicians around the world for selecting personalized inhaler devices.

Objective: To find out the optimal and non-optimal PIFR prevalence and its influencing factors in stable and exacerbation phases of COPD and bronchial asthma in Tamil Nadu, India.

Methodology: It is a single-center, observational, cross-sectional study conducted from February 2022 to August 2023. The patients who meet the diagnostic criteria specified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines for COPD and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines for bronchial asthma are enrolled in our study. The PIFR was measured using a hand-held digital spirometry device, along with demographic data collection. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and chi-square tests, were performed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).

Results: Gender, height, and disease severity significantly impacted the PIFR. Females, normal BMI individuals, and those with moderate disease severity exhibited higher optimal PIFR rates. Stable or exacerbation phases, disease, and smoking status do not influence either optimal or non-optimal PIFR. Notably, substantial differences in lung function parameters were observed between optimal (60-90 L/min) and non-optimal PIFR (insufficient: <30 L/min, suboptimal: 30-60 L/min, excessive: >90 L/min) groups, highlighting their impact on respiratory health.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of personalized inhaler strategies, considering gender, height, and disease severity. Proper inhaler device selection, continuous monitoring of inhaler technique, and tailored inhaler education at every OPD visit are vital for optimizing effective COPD and bronchial asthma management and improving adherence to treatment.

Keywords: bronchial asthma; bronchial asthma exacerbation; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; copd exacerbations; inhaler devices; peak inspiratory flow rate; spirometry.