In a geographically defined survey of 3,097 rural Iowans who were at least 65 yr of age, we examined the association between prior farm experience (greater than or equal to 25 yr) and various measures of current health status; we controlled for age, current working status, and, where appropriate, smoking and alcohol consumption. Health status was indexed by self-reported morbid conditions, symptoms, and physical function. After controlling for smoking behavior, it was found that both men and women with previous farm exposure currently experience a greater prevalence of all nine respiratory symptoms employed in the study relative to non-farmers. Farm men report a lower prevalence of Parkinson's disease and prostate conditions, but report a greater prevalence of stroke and a lower level of self-perceived health status. Women with a farm work history experience a greater level of physical function and fewer symptoms associated with mental illness. Overall significant benefits as well as risks associated with a history of farm work were identified. However, of those who survived to age 65, extended exposure to farm work did not have a major impact on the overall current health status of men and women.