Efficacy and Safety of Glycopyrrolate in the Management of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Systematic Review

Muhammed Rashid; Pooja Gopal Poojari; Viji Pulikkel Chandran; Rashmi Shetty; Harsimran Kaur; Sreedharan Nair; Girish Thunga

doi:10.2174/0127724328290595240509051331

Efficacy and Safety of Glycopyrrolate in the Management of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning: A Systematic Review

Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2024 May 23. doi: 10.2174/0127724328290595240509051331. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Muhammed Rashid¹, Pooja Gopal Poojari¹, Viji Pulikkel Chandran¹, Rashmi Shetty¹, Harsimran Kaur¹, Sreedharan Nair¹, Girish Thunga^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India.
² Centre for Toxicovigilance and Drug Safety, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.

PMID: 38797902
DOI: 10.2174/0127724328290595240509051331

Abstract

Objective: There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of antidotes in the management of organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning. We aimed to review the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate in the management of OPC poisoning.

Methodology: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library were extensively searched from inception to November 2022 and updated till October 2023. Interventional, observational, and descriptive studies assessing the efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate administered in any dose, route, and duration for the management of OPC poisoning published in the English language were considered for this review. The treatment with any other regimen that did not include glycopyrrolate was regarded as the comparator. The survival, intensive care unit (ICU) days and ventilatory outcomes were considered efficacy outcomes, and adverse effects were considered safety outcomes. Suitable quality assessment tools were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Two independent reviewers were involved in the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment and any discrepancies were resolved through mutual discussion or consultation with a third reviewer.

Results: A total of 9 studies (2 RCTs, 4 cohorts, 1 case series, and 2 case reports) out of 591 nonduplicate records were considered for this review. Overall, the RCTs were observed to have a moderate quality, and observational studies and descriptive studies were found to have good quality. All the included studies used atropine administration as a standard treatment option along with glycopyrrolate. The OPC patients treated with glycopyrrolate had a fewer hospitalization days with comparable recovery and ventilatory outcomes than those that had not been treated with glycopyrrolate. The occurrence of adverse events and complications was lower in the glycopyrrolate group than in the control group.

Conclusion: Currently, there is a lack of comparative studies to recommend the use of glycopyrrolate in OPC poisoning, and further interventional studies are required to make an evidencebased recommendation on this topic.

Keywords: Antidote; evidence-based medicine; glycopyrrolate; organophosphate; toxicology; treatment..