A prospective cohort study of persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals and perceived stress

Am J Epidemiol. 2024 Dec 2;193(12):1729-1740. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwae088.

Abstract

Persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can dysregulate the stress response. We evaluated associations between persistent EDCs and perceived stress among participants in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (n = 1394), a prospective cohort study of Black women. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4) at baseline and every 20 months through 60 months (score range: 0-16); higher scores indicate higher stress. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides, were quantified in plasma samples at baseline. We fit bayesian kernel machine regression and linear mixed-effects models to estimate associations of EDCs (as a mixture and individually) with PSS-4 scores at baseline and at each follow-up visit, respectively. Increasing percentiles of the mixture were not strongly associated with PSS-4 scores at baseline, and no interactions were observed among EDCs. Several individual EDCs (eg, perfluorodecanoic acid, PCB 118, PBDE 99) were associated with higher PSS-4 scores at baseline or follow-up, and other EDCs (eg PCB 138/158) were associated with lower PSS-4 scores at baseline or follow-up. The directionality of associations for individual EDCs was inconsistent across follow-up visits. In conclusion, specific EDCs may be associated with perceived stress in Black women. This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.

Keywords: black women; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; mixtures; per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; pesticides; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; stress.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Bayes Theorem
  • Black or African American
  • Endocrine Disruptors* / adverse effects
  • Endocrine Disruptors* / blood
  • Environmental Exposure / adverse effects
  • Environmental Pollutants / adverse effects
  • Environmental Pollutants / blood
  • Female
  • Fluorocarbons / adverse effects
  • Fluorocarbons / blood
  • Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers* / blood
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / adverse effects
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / blood
  • Middle Aged
  • Pesticides
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls* / adverse effects
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls* / blood
  • Prospective Studies
  • Stress, Psychological* / epidemiology

Substances

  • Endocrine Disruptors
  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Fluorocarbons
  • Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Pesticides
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls