The time-course augmentation of perivascular space enlargement in the basal ganglia among a community-dwelling elder population

Yasuhiro Sugai; Toshitada Hiraka; Akiko Shibata; Ayato Taketa; Taiyo Tanae; Yosuke Moriya; Masanori Komatsu; Chifumi Iseki; Yasuyuki Ohta; Masafumi Kanoto

doi:10.1007/s11604-024-01595-3

The time-course augmentation of perivascular space enlargement in the basal ganglia among a community-dwelling elder population

Jpn J Radiol. 2024 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s11604-024-01595-3. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan. yasu_315_12_19_1985@yahoo.co.jp.
² Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
³ Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
⁴ Division of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.

PMID: 38896331
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01595-3

Abstract

Purpose: We examined whether time-course augmentation of perivascular space enlargement in the basal ganglia (BG-PVS) reflected cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) severity by considering white matter hyperintensity lesion (WMHL) as an indicator for CSVD.

Materials and methods: This study population included 416 older participants from a community-based cohort. They participated in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies more than once during the study period. The grades for BG-PVS and WMHL were evaluated by visual rating scales; BG-PVS time-course augmentation in 4-9 years was also evaluated. At baseline, the participants were asked about their smoking and drinking history, and medical history. They also underwent a blood examination and their office blood pressure (BP) examination. In addition, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring was also performed within the study period.

Results: Of the 416 participants, 48 participants (11.5%) had BG-PVS time-course augmentation. The participants with BG-PVS augmentation had significantly lower LDL levels, hyper-nighttime BP, and lower nighttime BP fall in univariate analysis (p = 0.03, p = 0.03, p = 0.003, respectively). In multivariate analysis, lower nighttime BP fall and male sex showed significance (p = 0.02, 0.03, respectively). Additionally, BG-PVS time-course augmentation was significantly associated with subsequent WMHL severity in univariate analysis (p < 0.001), which remained significant in multivariate analysis adjusted by imaging and demographic factors (p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, additionally adjusted by the clinical factors, the significance disappeared (p = 0.07).

Conclusion: This study revealed that the lower nighttime BP fall in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was a factor significantly associated with BG-PVS augmentation. Moreover, the BG-PVS time-course augmentation would be a notable finding that was associated with the subsequent WMHL.

Keywords: Cerebral small vessel disease; Glymphatic system; Magnetic resonance imaging; Perivascular space.