Sodium homeostasis after small-bowel resection

Scand J Gastroenterol. 1985 Apr;20(3):361-9. doi: 10.3109/00365528509091665.

Abstract

In 16 small-bowel-resected patients, 8 with ileostomy and 8 with at least half of the colon in function, plasma volume, plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, and the 4-day excretion of sodium and potassium in urine and stools were determined. Patients with ileostomy had a high faecal loss of sodium: 85-181 (median, 149) mmol/24 h, and were all more or less sodium-depleted with decreased plasma volume of 1.4-2.5 (median, 2.0) l/175 cm (normal range, 2.3-3.8l/175 cm), increased plasma aldosterone of 742-2250 (median, 1131) pg/ml (normal range, 33-220 pg/ml), and extremely low sodium excretion in the urine of 0-3 (median, 1) mmol/24 h. Patients with similar small-bowel resection but with at least half of the colon in function had a much smaller faecal sodium loss of 1-66 (median, 8) mmol/24 h. They showed significantly higher plasma volume, 2.2-3.7 (median, 2.6) l/175 cm; normal plasma aldosterone, 25-232 (median, 124) pg/ml; and normal or almost normal sodium excretion in the urine, 49-168 (median, 118) mmol/24 h. Six jejunostomy patients, who sustained a normal or almost normal sodium balance thanks to parenteral saline, had intravenous infusion over 6 h of 1000 ml isotonic sodium chloride with or without aldosterone added. During aldosterone infusion plasma aldosterone increased to the level in the sodium-depleted ileostomy patients. Urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly. Stomal sodium loss did not change. It is concluded that small-bowel resection in ileostomized patients causes excessive faecal sodium loss and results in chronic sodium depletion with severe secondary hyperaldosteronism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aldosterone / pharmacology
  • Body Height
  • Body Weight
  • Colon / surgery
  • Crohn Disease / surgery
  • Female
  • Homeostasis* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Ileostomy / adverse effects*
  • Jejunum / surgery
  • Malabsorption Syndromes / blood*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Renin / blood
  • Short Bowel Syndrome / blood*
  • Short Bowel Syndrome / complications
  • Short Bowel Syndrome / etiology
  • Sodium / metabolism*
  • Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / etiology

Substances

  • Aldosterone
  • Sodium
  • Renin