The association of the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kayhan Dinpanah; Toba Kazemi; Sameep Shetty; Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem; Ali Fanoodi; Seyed Mohammad Riahi

doi:10.1007/s40200-023-01235-z

The association of the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2023 Jun 17;23(1):1-10. doi: 10.1007/s40200-023-01235-z. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Authors

Kayhan Dinpanah¹, Toba Kazemi², Sameep Shetty³, Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem⁴, Ali Fanoodi¹, Seyed Mohammad Riahi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
² Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
³ Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Manipal college of dental sciences Mangalore 575001, Manipal academy of higher education. A constituent unit of MAHE, Manipal, India.
⁴ Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
⁵ Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Abstract

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to assess the evidence for the association between the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1, and the MetS in children and adolescents.

Methods: The English electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to February 28, 2022. To ascertain the validity of eligible studies, modified JBI scale was used. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model to evaluate the association between the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1 and the MetS. Heterogeneity amongst the studies was determined by the use of the Galbraith diagram, Cochran's Q-test, and I² test. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests.

Results: From 7356 records, 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total number of 232 participants with MetS and 1320 participants as control group. The results indicated that increased levels of apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio (SMD 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.47) and apolipoprotein B (SMD 0.75; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.14) and decreased levels of apolipoprotein A1 (SMD -0.53; 95% CI: -0.69, -0.37) are linked to the presence of MetS. The notable findings were, children and adolescents with MetS had elevated levels of the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, apolipoprotein B, and decreased levels of apolipoprotein A1.

Conclusions: Our results suggest the need to evaluate the levels of apolipoproteins for detecting the risk of MetS in children and adolescents.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01235-z.

Keywords: Adolescent; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein B; Meta-analysis; Metabolic syndrome.

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2023, corrected publication 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Publication types

Review