Uncoupling of the endocardial bundles in the left atrium was suggested during modified posterior wall isolation. Although this fact may not be observed because of the possible bridging conduction by epicardial bundles in humans, partially failed transmural ablation in the atrial roof may have iatrogenically unveiled this fact.
Keywords: ablation; atrial fibrillation; epicardial connection; pulmonary vein isolation; septopulmonary bundle.
© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Arrhythmia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Heart Rhythm Society.