Global longitudinal strain by cardiac magnetic resonance is associated with cardiac iron and complications in beta-thalassemia major patients

Int J Cardiol. 2024 Oct 15:413:132319. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132319. Epub 2024 Jul 5.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of left ventricular (LV) strain parameters with demographics, clinical data, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings, and cardiac complications (heart failure and arrhythmias) in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM).

Method: We considered 266 β-TM patients (134 females, 37.08 ± 11.60 years) consecutively enrolled in the Extension-Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia (E-MIOT) project and 80 healthy controls (50 females, mean age 39.77 ± 11.29 years). The CMR protocol included cine images for the assessment of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS) using feature tracking (FT) and for the quantification of LV function parameters, the T2* technique for the assessment of myocardial iron overload, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique.

Results: In comparison to the healthy control group, β-TM patients showed impaired GLS, GCS, and GRS values. Among β-TM patients, sex was identified as the sole independent determinant of all LV strain parameters. All LV strain parameters displayed a significant correlation with LV end-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index, mass index, and ejection fraction, and with the number of segments exhibiting LGE. Only GLS exhibited a significant correlation with global heart T2* values and the number of segments with T2* < 20 ms. Patients with cardiac complications exhibited significantly impaired GLS compared to those without cardiac complications.

Conclusion: In patients with β-TM, GLS, GCS, and GRS were impaired in comparison with control subjects. Among LV strain parameters, only GLS demonstrated a significant association with cardiac iron levels and complications.

Keywords: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Ventricular strain; iron overload; β-Thalassemia major.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Global Longitudinal Strain
  • Humans
  • Iron / metabolism
  • Iron Overload* / diagnostic imaging
  • Iron Overload* / etiology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine* / methods
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / diagnostic imaging
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / etiology
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / physiopathology
  • Ventricular Function, Left / physiology
  • beta-Thalassemia* / complications
  • beta-Thalassemia* / diagnostic imaging

Substances

  • Iron