1 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. william.cefalu@nih.gov.
2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.
3 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
4 Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
5 Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
6 Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
7 Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
8 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
9 Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
10 Program in Metabolism, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
11 Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
12 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
13 Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
14 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
15 Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China.
16 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
17 Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
18 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
19 Department of Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
20 Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
21 All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
22 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
23 Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
24 German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Müchen-Neuberberg, Germany.
25 Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
26 Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan City, Taiwan.
27 Department of Chronic Diseases, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
28 Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
29 Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
30 Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
31 American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA, USA.
32 Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
33 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
34 Department of Preventive Medicine and Medicine (Pulmonary & Critical Care), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
35 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
36 School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
37 Precision Health Research (PRECISE), Singapore, Singapore.
38 Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
39 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
40 Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
41 Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
42 Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
43 The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
44 Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
45 School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
46 Canada Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
47 Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
48 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
49 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
50 Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
51 Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
52 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
53 Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
A recent workshop brought together global leaders in diabetes to assess existing approaches to disease heterogeneity and to identify research gaps, with a goal of achieving precision diabetology for all patients globally.