Basic implications on three pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2

Jong Hoon Lee; Consolato Sergi; Richard E Kast; Badar A Kanwar; Jean Bourbeau; Sangsuk Oh; Mun-Gi Sohn; Chul Joong Lee; Michael D Coleman

doi:10.1016/j.bj.2024.100766

Basic implications on three pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2

Biomed J. 2025 Apr;48(2):100766. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100766. Epub 2024 Jul 14.

Authors

Jong Hoon Lee¹, Consolato Sergi², Richard E Kast³, Badar A Kanwar⁴, Jean Bourbeau⁵, Sangsuk Oh⁶, Mun-Gi Sohn⁷, Chul Joong Lee⁸, Michael D Coleman⁹

Affiliations

¹ Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: science@research.re.kr.
² Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
³ IIAIGC Study Center, Burlington, VT, USA.
⁴ Haider Associates, Bedford, TX, USA.
⁵ Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
⁶ Department of Food Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Memory Unit, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁷ Department of Food Science, KyungHee University College of Life Science, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸ Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
⁹ College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: m.d.coleman@aston.ac.uk.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacts between the host and virus and govern induction, resulting in multiorgan impacts. Its pathophysiology involves the followings: 1) the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways: 2) the neuropilin (NRP) pathway: 3) the spike protein pathway. Therefore, it is necessary to block the pathological course with modulating innate lymphoid cells against diverse corona variants in the future.

Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; TLR.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / metabolism
COVID-19* / immunology
COVID-19* / metabolism
COVID-19* / virology
Humans
Immunity, Innate
SARS-CoV-2*
Signal Transduction
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism
Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism

Substances

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
ACE2 protein, human
Toll-Like Receptors
spike protein, SARS-CoV-2