Quercetin intervention reduced hepatic fat deposition in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial

Abstract

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a growing public health problem worldwide. However, there is still lack of effective treatment strategies except lifestyle intervention.

Objectives: To evaluate whether quercetin improves intrahepatic lipid content in patients with NAFLD.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 41 patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive the quercetin (500 mg) or placebo capsules for 12 wk, then switched interventions for another 12 wk after a 4-wk washout period. The primary outcome was intrahepatic lipid content evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging estimated proton density fat fraction. The secondary outcomes were liver function measurements, etc. Safety outcomes included blood routine.

Results: A total of 36 patients completed the trial. In intention-to-treat analyses, the quercetin intervention moderately decreased the intrahepatic lipid contents from 11.5% ± 6.4% to 9.6% ± 5.8%, compared with the placebo intervention (decreased by 0.1% ± 2.6%, P = 0.013 and adjusted P value is 0.028). Body weight and body mass index were mildly reduced by 1.5 ± 2.6 kg and 0.5 ± 0.9 kg/m² after the quercetin intervention (P < 0.05 and both adjusted P values are 0.038), whereas the reductions were only 0.2 ± 1.8 kg and 0.1 ± 0.7 kg/m² after the placebo intervention. The intrahepatic lipid content reductions were noticeably positively associated with the body weight losses after the quercetin and placebo interventions (r = 0.557 and 0.412, P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). Subgroup analyses found that the reduction of intrahepatic lipid contents in females (3.0% ± 3.7%) was about twice as large as that in males (1.4% ± 2.5%) with a trend of statistical significance (P = 0.113 and adjusted P value is 0.061). There were no significant differences in other secondary and safety outcomes. No adverse events associated with study intervention were found.

Conclusions: Twelve weeks treatment of quercetin could reduce intrahepatic lipid contents in patients with NAFLD, possibly explained by a slightly larger body weight loss in the quercetin group.

Trial registration: The trial is registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2100047904.

Keywords: MRI-PDFF; NAFLD; body weight; intrahepatic lipid content; liver fat deposition; quercetin; sex difference.