EDA Missense Variant in a Cat with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

Genes (Basel). 2024 Jun 28;15(7):854. doi: 10.3390/genes15070854.

Abstract

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a developmental defect characterized by sparse or absent hair, missing or malformed teeth and defects in eccrine glands. Loss-of-function variants in the X-chromosomal EDA gene have been reported to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We investigated a male cat exhibiting diffuse truncal alopecia with a completely absent undercoat. The cat lacked several teeth, and the remaining teeth had an abnormal conical shape. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense variant in the EDA gene, XM_011291781.3:c.1042G>A or XP_011290083.1:p.(Ala348Thr). The predicted amino acid exchange is located in the C-terminal TNF signaling domain of the encoded ectodysplasin. The corresponding missense variant in the human EDA gene, p.Ala349Thr, has been reported as a recurring pathogenic variant in several human patients with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The identified feline variant therefore represents the likely cause of the hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the investigated cat, and the genetic investigation confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis. This is the first report of an EDA-related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cats.

Keywords: Felis catus; WGS; X-linked; animal model; dermatology; development; precision medicine; skin.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cat Diseases / genetics
  • Cat Diseases / pathology
  • Cats
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic* / genetics
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic* / pathology
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic* / veterinary
  • Ectodysplasins* / genetics
  • Male
  • Mutation, Missense*
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

Substances

  • Ectodysplasins