Zoonotic Bacterial Infections Triggering Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024:1448:285-291. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-59815-9_20.

Abstract

Zoonotic infections can result in life-threatening complications that can manifest with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Bacteria constitute the largest group of zoonotic infection-related HLH cases. The growing list of zoonotic bacterial infections associated with HLH/CSS include Brucella spp., Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia, Coxiella burnetii, Mycobacterium spp., and Bartonella spp. Patients most commonly present with fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, myalgias, and less frequently with rash, jaundice, and lymphadenopathy.

Keywords: Bacteria; Bartonella; Brucella; Case reports; Cytokine storm syndrome; Ehrlichia; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; Review; Rickettsia; Trigger; Zoonotic.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Zoonoses / microbiology
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome* / etiology
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome* / immunology
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome* / microbiology
  • Humans
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / immunology
  • Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / microbiology
  • Zoonoses / microbiology