Elderly patients are more vulnerable to cognitive dysfunction in the postoperative period. Patients who are apparently well in cognitive functions in the preoperative period after undergoing anesthesia in noncardiac surgery will develop symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) doesn't continue for a long duration and usually undergoes self-resolution. Proper definitions and congruous tests for diagnosis are absent. Rigorous preoperative assessment of cognitive function and distinguishing risk factors are indispensable for recognizing the range of POCD and its association with surgery and anesthesia. Recent studies haven't revealed any anesthesia technique or drug which can significantly reduce the incidence of POCD. Therefore, giving accurate information to patients can be challenging.