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. 2024 Jul 29;9(32):34259-34267.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09585. eCollection 2024 Aug 13.

Collagenase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Compounds from Fish Gut Bacteria Ruegeria atlantica and Pseudoalteromonas neustonica

Affiliations

Collagenase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Compounds from Fish Gut Bacteria Ruegeria atlantica and Pseudoalteromonas neustonica

Jonghwan Kim et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Ruegeria atlantica and Pseudoalteromonas neustonica are fish gut bacteria that have been isolated from the guts of Pagrus major and Acanthopagrus schlegelii, respectively. A total of 22 compounds (1-22) were isolated from these two bacteria; 16 compounds (1-16) from R. atalantica and 6 compounds (17-22) from P. neustonica. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric data analysis and chemical synthesis. Compounds 11 and 13 showed strong collagenase inhibitory activity, with 31.91% and 36.43% at 20 μM, respectively, comparable to or surpassing that of the positive control epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, 34.66%). Also, compounds 11 and 14 exhibited a mild tyrosinase inhibitory effect of 6.73% and 13.68%, respectively. All of the tested compounds displayed no significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis up to 100 μM. The collagenase- and tyrosinase-inhibitory compound 11, cyclo(l-Pro-d-Leu), was found to be stable under heat (50 °C) and UV light (254 and 365 nm) for up to 6 days. These results indicate that compound 11 could be developed into a cosmeceutical with antiaging effects.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of compounds isolated from R. atlantica (116) and P. neustonica (1722).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Key COSY (blue bold) and HMBC (red arrow) correlations of 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical synthesis of 18 from phenethylamine (PEA) and formaldehyde.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Assessment of in vitro toxicity of compounds 122. Toxicity studies were performed in B16F10 cells. MTT assays were conducted after cultures were treated with the indicated concentrations of each compound for 24 h. All experiments were conducted at least three times. The bars represent the mean ± SD.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Inhibition of melanogenesis-related gene expression by compounds 122 in B16F10 melanoma cells. Cells treated with α-MSH alone were used as the control group. Inhibition rate (%) was measured compared to the mRNA level of the control group. All experiments were conducted at least three times.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Inhibitory effects of compounds 3, 11, and 14 on tyrosinase activity. The results are presented as meta-analysis. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple comparisons test. Significance levels are denoted as ***p < 0.001.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Anticollagenase activity of compounds 122. All experiments were conducted at least three times. The bars represent the mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons test.

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