1 Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, United States.
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
3 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
4 Research and Development Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
5 College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
6 Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
7 Center for the Study of Health care Innovation, Implementation, and Policy (CSHIIP), Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States.
8 Department of Medicine and Department of Health Policy Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
9 Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
10 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
11 Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, United States.
12 Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
13 Integrative Health Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States.
14 Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.