Twenty-five short term hCG stimulation tests were performed in seven prepubertal girls, aged 3-11 yr, who were being evaluated for short stature. Provocative testing revealed GH deficiency in all patients, but reevaluation of one girl at a later date showed normal somatotropin levels. The study protocol lasted 18 months and included testing before, during, and after 1 yr of GH therapy. Delta 4-Androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol were determined 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after initiation of a two-injection course of CG. Significant responses (approximately 2-fold over baseline) to the stimulation tests occurred for all steroids except testosterone, though no augmented effects were found in the presence of human GH. The results indicate functional capability of the prepubertal ovary when exposed acutely to a LH-like material, but no role for somatotropin in gonadal steroid production in the prepubertal female.