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. 2024 Aug 8:11:1426642.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1426642. eCollection 2024.

Dietary advanced glycation end-products and their associations with body weight on a Mediterranean diet and low-fat vegan diet: a randomized, cross-over trial

Hana Kahleova  1 , Tatiana Znayenko-Miller  1 , Giulianna Motoa  1 , Emma Eng  1   2 , Alex Prevost  1 , Jaime Uribarri  3 , Richard Holubkov  4 , Neal D Barnard  1   5
Affiliations

Dietary advanced glycation end-products and their associations with body weight on a Mediterranean diet and low-fat vegan diet: a randomized, cross-over trial

Hana Kahleova et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Objective: Evidence suggests that changes in dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may influence body weight, but the effects of different dietary patterns remain to be explored.The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a Mediterranean and a low-fat vegan diet on dietary AGEs and test their association with body weight.

Materials and methods: In this randomized cross-over trial, 62 overweight adults were assigned to a Mediterranean or a low-fat vegan diet for 16-week periods in random order, separated by a 4-week washout. Body weight was the primary outcome. Three-day diet records were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software and dietary AGEs were estimated, using an established database. Statistical approaches appropriate for crossover trials were implemented.

Results: Dietary AGEs decreased by 73%, that is, by 9,413 kilounits AGE/day (95% -10,869 to -7,957); p < 0.001, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect -10,303 kilounits AGE/day [95% CI -13,090 to -7,516]; p < 0.001). The participants lost 6.0 kg on average on the vegan diet, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect -6.0 kg [95% CI -7.5 to -4.5]; p < 0.001). Changes in dietary AGEs correlated with changes in body weight (r = +0.47; p < 0.001) and remained significant after adjustment for total energy intake (r = +0.39; p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Dietary AGEs did not change on the Mediterranean diet but decreased on a low-fat vegan diet, and this decrease was associated with changes in body weight, independent of energy intake.

Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT03698955.

Keywords: Mediterranean; advanced glycation end-products; diet; nutrition; vegan; weight.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Total AGEs and their changes in response to both diets. MED, The Mediterranean diet; VEG, The low-fat vegan diet.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Relationship between changes in dietary AGEs and changes in body weight in the first study period; r = +0.48; p < 0.001.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.

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