Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and poses a serious threat to human health. Natural killer (NK) cells, an important component of innate immunity, can differentiate into various subpopulations in response to MTB infection, showing a diversity of receptors and functions. They engage in crosstalk with other immune cells by secreting cytokines, thereby exerting anti-infective actions against MTB infection and enhancing the body's immune response to the infection.