A field evaluation of a new porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bivalent vaccine in herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia

Vet Med Sci. 2024 Sep;10(5):e70001. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70001.

Abstract

Background: This field efficacy study was designed to determine the efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at three independent pig farms.

Methods: Three pig farms were selected based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection and enzootic pneumonia. Each farm housed a total of 40, 18-day-old pigs that were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Pigs were administered a 2.0 mL dose of the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate-buffered saline at the same age.

Results: Clinically, the average daily weight gain of vaccinated groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated animals during the growing (70-112 days of age), finishing (112-175 days of age) and overall (3-175 days of age) stages of production. Vaccinated animals elicited neutralizing anti-PCV2 antibodies and PCV2d-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), which reduced the amount of PCV2d genomic copies in blood and reduced lymphoid lesions severity when compared with unvaccinated animals. Similarly, vaccinated animals elicited M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC, which reduced the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in the larynx and reduced lung lesions severity.

Conclusions: The result of the field trial demonstrated that the bivalent vaccine was efficacious in the protection of swine herds suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia.

Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; enzootic pneumonia; porcine circovirus type 2d; porcine circovirus‐associated diseases; vaccine.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Asymptomatic Infections
  • Bacterial Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • Bacterial Vaccines* / immunology
  • Circoviridae Infections* / prevention & control
  • Circoviridae Infections* / veterinary
  • Circovirus* / immunology
  • Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae* / immunology
  • Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal* / prevention & control
  • Random Allocation
  • Sus scrofa
  • Swine
  • Swine Diseases / microbiology
  • Swine Diseases / prevention & control
  • Swine Diseases / virology
  • Vaccines, Combined / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • Viral Vaccines* / immunology

Substances

  • Viral Vaccines
  • Bacterial Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Combined