Impulsivity and Its Association with Depression and Anxiety in the Normal Egyptian Population Post COVID-19 Pandemic

Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Aug 22;60(8):1367. doi: 10.3390/medicina60081367.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: It is well known that depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness are interrelated; however, studies that have assessed their association with the coronavirus outbreak are scarce. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the impulsivity incidence and its correlation with anxiety and depression following COVID-19 infection between November 2022 and June 2023. Materials and Methods: The 201 participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and short UPPS-P scales (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) to allow us to determine their anxiety and depression symptoms, functional impairment, and impulsivity, respectively. Results: Among our respondents, 22%, and 26.7% had moderate to severe anxiety and depression. The short UPPS-P scale significantly correlated with the HAM-A and HDRS scales. Participants with positive COVID-19 infection showed significantly higher functional impairment scores, especially in the work/study domain (mean (SD): 3.12 (2.2) vs. 2.43 (2.3); p = 0.037). COVID-19-related disruption significantly correlated with negative and positive urgency, HAM-A, HDRS, and the SDS total and subscales. Conclusions: Our findings showed a notable increase in anxiety, depression, and functional impairment among the population following COVID-19 infection. Our research highlights the correlation between impulsivity and the psychological distress experienced following the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; depression; functional impairment; impulsivity; pandemic.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety* / epidemiology
  • Anxiety* / psychology
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / psychology
  • Depression* / epidemiology
  • Depression* / psychology
  • Egypt / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Impulsive Behavior*
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pandemics
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • SARS-CoV-2