The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Constipation

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.
• ² Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
• ³ Division of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
• ⁴ Colon and Rectal Surgery, M Health Fairview Southdale Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
• ⁵ Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont.
• ⁶ Department of Surgery, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, La Jolla, California.
• ⁷ Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
• ⁸ Department of Surgery Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.