Salidroside alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inhibiting GSDMD-driven keratinocyte pyroptosis

Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2025 Apr;72(2):355-368. doi: 10.1002/bab.2668. Epub 2024 Sep 15.

Abstract

Psoriasis is a common immune-related polygenic inflammatory skin disease. Salidroside (SAL) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is used to treat skin diseases. However, the specific effects of SAL on psoriasis remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of SAL for psoriasis treatment. Mice were treated with imiquimod (IMQ) to establish an in vivo psoriasis model. Histological analysis was conducted via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokine release was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, mRNA levels were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was assessed via Western blotting. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and Ki-67 expression levels were determined via immunohistochemistry. Caspase 1 and GSDMD expression levels were determined via immunofluorescence assay. Furthermore, macrophage function and keratinocyte pyroptosis were also analyzed via flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined using 5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine assay. SAL alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis. IMQ-mediated GSDMD-driven pyroptosis and keratinocyte hyperproliferation promoted M1 macrophage polarization. However, SAL treatment suppressed GSDMD expression, thereby inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation and pyroptosis and promoting M2 macrophage polarization. GSDMD deficiency further promoted the effects of SAL and suppressed psoriasis progression. Overall, our findings suggest that SAL exerts protective effects against psoriasis. Specifically, it exerts anti-inflammatory effects by regulating M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting keratinocyte pyroptosis-driven proliferation induced by the immune microenvironment in psoriasis.

Keywords: GSDMD; macrophage; psoriasis; pyroptosis; salidroside.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gasdermins
  • Glucosides* / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Imiquimod*
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* / metabolism
  • Keratinocytes* / drug effects
  • Keratinocytes* / metabolism
  • Keratinocytes* / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Phenols* / pharmacology
  • Phosphate-Binding Proteins* / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Phosphate-Binding Proteins* / metabolism
  • Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins* / metabolism
  • Psoriasis* / chemically induced
  • Psoriasis* / drug therapy
  • Psoriasis* / metabolism
  • Psoriasis* / pathology
  • Pyroptosis* / drug effects

Substances

  • Glucosides
  • Imiquimod
  • rhodioloside
  • Phosphate-Binding Proteins
  • Phenols
  • Gsdmd protein, mouse
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
  • Gasdermins