Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Related Extrapyramidal Disorders

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024:1457:111-123. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61939-7_6.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations (i.e., anosmia, ageusia, myalgia, headache) and neurological syndromes (i.e., encephalopathy, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, myelitis, encephalitis) underlying different pathogenetic mechanisms. COVID-19 has also been associated with various movement disorders including acute or subacute parkinsonism. However, to date, only few cases of parkinsonism linked to COVID-19 have been reported, nevertheless raising the possibility of a post-viral parkinsonian syndrome. Furthermore, various studies in vitro and in animal models have highlighted a close relationship between SARS-CoV-2 virus and α-synuclein, leading to the hypothesis that COVID-19 could represent a factor favoring the long-term development of α-synucleopathies. In this chapter, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms related to movement disorders' manifestations of COVID-19 focusing on the possible overlap between pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson's Disease and COVID-19.

Keywords: Atypical parkinsonism; COVID‐19; Extrapyramidal; Parkinsonism; Parkinson’s disease; Pathophysiology; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Basal Ganglia Diseases / etiology
  • Basal Ganglia Diseases / physiopathology
  • Basal Ganglia Diseases / virology
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • COVID-19* / physiopathology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Humans
  • Parkinson Disease / complications
  • Parkinson Disease / physiopathology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / pathogenicity
  • alpha-Synuclein / metabolism

Substances

  • alpha-Synuclein