Mediating effects of rumination on insomnia in cancer survivors: Influences of cancer-related fatigue, fear of recurrence, and psychological distress

Cancer Med. 2024 Sep;13(18):e70189. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70189.

Abstract

Background: While advancements in cancer treatments have improved survival rates, they also lead to adverse effects such as insomnia, which significantly impacts survivors' sleep quality.

Objective: This study explores the influence of cancer-related fatigue (CRF), Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), and psychological distress, with rumination serving as a mediating factor, on the insomnia experienced by cancer survivors.

Methods: The study involved 220 cancer survivors attending Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital's oncology center in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed several questionnaires: the Insomnia Severity Index, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Rumination Response Scale.

Results: The results showed that the tested model had a good fit, and the correlation matrix demonstrated significant positive correlations between CRF (0.46), FCR (0.15), psychological distress (0.55), and rumination (0.42) with insomnia in cancer survivors (p < 0.05). Notably, CRF (B = 0.356, p < 0.001) and psychological distress (B = 0.339, p < 0.001) affect insomnia both directly and indirectly through mediation by rumination, while the impact of FCR on insomnia was indirectly significant (B = 0.73, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions focused on managing rumination could be potential targets to alleviate insomnia and improve the sleep quality of cancer survivors.

Keywords: cancer; cancer‐related fatigue; fear of cancer recurrence; insomnia; psychological distress; rumination.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cancer Survivors* / psychology
  • Fatigue* / etiology
  • Fatigue* / psychology
  • Fear* / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Iran / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / psychology
  • Neoplasms* / complications
  • Neoplasms* / psychology
  • Psychological Distress*
  • Rumination, Cognitive*
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / etiology
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / psychology
  • Stress, Psychological / psychology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires