Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 11;15(40):16618-16626.
doi: 10.1039/d4sc04819a. Online ahead of print.

Incorporation of 2D pyreneammonium iodide for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells

Affiliations

Incorporation of 2D pyreneammonium iodide for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells

Zhongquan Wan et al. Chem Sci. .

Abstract

Despite the excellent performance of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs), their poor stability under moisture and heating conditions limits their commercial application. To address this issue, a new pyreneammonium iodide (named TAPPyI), in which the pyrene-based compound 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,8-dihydropyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetraaniline (named TAPPy) acts as the 2D cation, is introduced into 3D perovskite precursor solution for forming a 2D/3D heterostructured perovskite, which improves the quality of the perovskite film and enhances the stability of the perovskite film against moisture and heating. The planar pyrene endows TAPPyI with good charge transport properties, while the iodide on the arylamine side group effectively passivates the perovskite defects, thereby suppressing non-radiative recombination losses. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the TAPPyI-modified PSC is increased from 20.51% in the reference PSC to 22.73%. Furthermore, the stability of the TAPPyI-modified PSC is greatly improved, retaining 86% of the initial PCE after 360 hours in an environment of 85 °C and 85% humidity (ISOS-D-3), whereas the reference PSC only retains 2%. This work demonstrates that the conjugated planar molecule as a 2D cation to construct a 2D/3D heterostructured perovskite, which combines the good stability of 2D perovskite with the excellent carrier transport properties of 3D perovskite, can greatly enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Characteristics of the perovskite films before and after 0.50 mg per mL TAPPyI modification. (a) Cross-sectional diagram of the PSC; (b) conceptual diagram of the 2D/3D composite structure perovskite; (c) cross-sectional SEM image of the PSC; (d) XRD spectra of the perovskite film before and after modification; (e) surface morphology of the perovskite film without TAPPyI doping; (f) surface morphology of the perovskite film with TAPPyI doping; (g) UV-vis spectra of the perovskite film before and after modification; (h) surface AFM image of the reference perovskite film; (i) surface AFM image of the perovskite film after modification.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Theoretical calculations. (a) Optimized spatial configuration of TAPPyI; (b) surface electrostatic potential map of TAPPyI; (c) 3D model of TAPPyI on the perovskite surface; (d) schematic diagram of the structure of the Pb–Pb dimer defect on the perovskite surface; (e) schematic diagram of TAPPyI passivating the Pb–Pb dimer defect; (f) differential charge map of the Pb–Pb dimer defect on the perovskite surface; (g) differential charge map of TAPPyI passivating the Pb–Pb dimer defect, where red and blue represent charge accumulation and depletion, respectively; (h) partial density of states (PDOS) diagram of the Pb–Pb dimer defect; (i) PDOS diagram of TAPPyI passivating the Pb–Pb dimer defect.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. (a) Characteristic peaks of Pb 4f in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of perovskite films before and after modification; (b) steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra; (c) time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of perovskite films before and after modification; (d) defect density of hole-only devices before and after modification measured by the space-charge-limited current (SCLC) method; (e) EIS impedance spectra of devices before and after modification under 1.5 G standard solar illumination; (f) hole mobility of devices before and after modification measured by the SCLC method.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Photovoltaic performances of the PSCs. (a) Best JV reverse scan curves of the PSCs with different TAPPyI doping concentrations; (b) statistical distributions of Voc, Jsc, FF and PCE of the PSCs; (c) EQE curves and integrated current densities of the PSCs; (d) best JV curves of the PSCs under forward and reverse scans and the corresponding PV parameter statistics table; (e) the steady-state PCE output of the PSCs at the maximum power point.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Stability testing of the PSCs. (a) SEM images of the perovskite films aged at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 360 hours; (b) changes on the backside of the PSCs aged at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 360 hours; (c) XRD patterns of the perovskite films aged at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 360 hours; (d) moisture stability of the PSCs at room temperature with 85% humidity and water contact angles of the perovskite films; (e) heat stability of the PSCs at 85 °C in a N2 environment; (f) overall moisture and heat stability of the PSCs at 85 °C with 85% humidity.

References

    1. Tan H. R. Jain A. Voznyy O. Lan X. Z. de Arquer F. P. G. Fan J. Z. Quintero-Bermudez R. Yuan M. J. Zhang B. Zhao Y. C. Fan F. J. Li P. C. Quan L. N. Zhao Y. B. Lu Z. H. Yang Z. Y. Hoogland S. Sargent E. H. Science. 2017;355:722. doi: 10.1126/science.aai9081. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zheng X. P. Chen B. Dai J. Fang Y. J. Bai Y. Lin Y. Z. Wei H. T. Zeng X. C. Huang J. S. Nat. Energy. 2017;2:17102. doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2017.102. - DOI
    1. Dang H. X. Wang K. Ghasemi M. Tang M. C. De Bastiani M. Aydin E. Dauzon E. Barrit D. Peng J. Smilgies D. M. De Wolf S. Amassian A. Joule. 2019;3:1746. doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.016. - DOI
    1. Jacobsson T. J. Correa-Baen J. P. Pazoki M. Saliba M. Schenk K. Grätzel M. Hagfeldt A. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016;9:1706. doi: 10.1039/C6EE00030D. - DOI
    1. Zhao Y. Ma F. Qu Z. H. Yu S. Q. Shen T. Deng H. X. Chu X. B. Peng X. X. Yuan Y. B. Zhang X. W. You J. B. Science. 2022;377:531. doi: 10.1126/science.abp8873. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources