Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Apple Cider Vinegar against Streptococcus Mutans, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida Albicans

Sakshi Malik; Mushir Mulla; Safeena A K Saheb; Noura Abdulaziz Alessa; Vaibhav T Chougule; Munaz Mulla; Gaurav Patri

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_59_24

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Apple Cider Vinegar against Streptococcus Mutans, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida Albicans

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024 Jul;16(Suppl 3):S2091-S2093. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_59_24. Epub 2024 Jun 7.

Authors

Sakshi Malik¹, Mushir Mulla², Safeena A K Saheb³, Noura Abdulaziz Alessa⁴, Vaibhav T Chougule⁵, Munaz Mulla⁶, Gaurav Patri⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
² Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
³ Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharstra, India.
⁶ Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁷ Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral infections are most frequently caused by three oral microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans).

Objectives: To evaluate antimicrobial potential of 10% ginger extract (GE) and apple vinegar against S. Mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans.

Materials and method: The GE and apple cider vinegar (ACV) were tested for microbiological evaluation to identify the inhibitory zone using the agar disk diffusion test against S. mutans, C. albicans, and E. faecalis.

Result: The 10% ethanolic GE and ACV showed a maximum zone of inhibition zone against S. mutans, E. Faecalis, and C. albicans. The intragroup comparison was insignificant.

Conclusion: Apple vinegar and 10% ethanolic GE were shown to have good antimicrobial properties against all three tested pathogens.

Keywords: Antibacterial; antifungal; apple cider vinegar; ginger extract; inhibition zone.