Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism: Recommendations From the Australian and New Zealand Working Group

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2025 Jan;102(1):31-43. doi: 10.1111/cen.15139. Epub 2024 Oct 3.

Abstract

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the current recommended procedure for identifying unilateral subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA), which are amenable to surgery with the potential for cure. AVS is a technically challenging procedure usually undertaken by interventional radiologists at tertiary centres. However, there are numerous variations in AVS protocols relating to patient preparation, sampling techniques and interpretation which may impact the success of AVS and patient care. To reduce practice variations, improve the success rates of AVS and optimise patient outcomes, we established an Australian and New Zealand AVS Working Group and developed evidence-based expert consensus recommendations for the preparation, performance and interpretation of AVS. These recommendations can be used by all healthcare professionals in a multidisciplinary team who look after the diagnosis and management of PA.

Keywords: adrenal vein sampling; conn syndrome; endocrine hypertension; hyperaldosteronism; hypertension; primary aldosteronism; subtyping.

Publication types

  • Practice Guideline
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Glands* / blood supply
  • Australia
  • Humans
  • Hyperaldosteronism* / blood
  • Hyperaldosteronism* / diagnosis
  • New Zealand
  • Veins