Cytoplasmic mtDNA clearance suppresses inflammatory immune responses

Chenghao Yan; Xu Liu; Haodong Xu; Liming Wang

doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.002

Cytoplasmic mtDNA clearance suppresses inflammatory immune responses

Trends Cell Biol. 2024 Nov;34(11):897-900. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.002. Epub 2024 Oct 7.

Authors

Chenghao Yan¹, Xu Liu¹, Haodong Xu², Liming Wang³

Affiliations

¹ The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China.
² Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Electronic address: xuhaodong@csu.edu.cn.
³ The Affiliated XiangTan Central Hospital of Hunan University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: wangliming@hnu.edu.cn.

PMID: 39379269
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.002

Abstract

Upon various stresses, mtDNA leaks from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, leading to cellular dysfunction and inflammation, thereby exacerbating disease progression. The autophagy-lysosome pathway has emerged as a pivotal quality control mechanism for eliminating abnormal cytoplasmic mtDNA. This article summarizes the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-triggered inflammation and how cytoplasmic mtDNA is eliminated.

Keywords: autophagy–lysosome pathway; cGAS–STING pathway; mtDNA.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Autophagy
Cytoplasm* / metabolism
DNA, Mitochondrial* / genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial* / metabolism
Humans
Inflammation* / metabolism
Inflammation* / pathology
Lysosomes / metabolism
Mitochondria / metabolism

Substances

DNA, Mitochondrial