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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Oct 21;19(10):e0309673.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309673. eCollection 2024.

Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving pain and cognitive function in elderly patients around the perioperative period of hip replacement surgery: A meta-analysis

Sujuan Xu  1 , Kai Huang  2 , Qing Jiang  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving pain and cognitive function in elderly patients around the perioperative period of hip replacement surgery: A meta-analysis

Sujuan Xu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS) in elderly patients around the perioperative period of hip replacement surgery.

Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wangfang Data, VIP database, SinoMed, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications until August 2024. All randomized controlled studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of TEAS in patients around the perioperative period of hip replacement surgery. We calculated pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CIs for binary outcomes and standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes. The Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool were used to evaluate the quality of studies.

Results: A total of 13 studies with 946 patients were included in this analysis. 1-day visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and 2-day VAS scores were significantly lower in the TEAS group compared to the control group (SMD: -0.78, 95% CI: -1.47, -0.09, P = 0.02 and SMD:-0.54, 95% CI:-1.00,-0.09,P = 0.02). Furthermore, 1-day mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and 3-day MMSE scores were significantly higher in the TEAS group compared to the control group (SMD: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.68, 2.51,P<0.001 and SMD:1.31, 95% CI:1.03,1.59,P<0.001), along with a lower postoperative cognitive dysfunction rate (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.73, P<0.001).

Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that TEAS significantly reduces pain and improves cognitive function in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Future studies should further investigate the optimal TEAS protocols to maximize these benefits across different population and surgical settings.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the study selection process.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Assessment of study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.
A color-coded evaluation of each domain (low risk. green, unclear risk. yellow, high risk. red).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Forest plot comparison of 1-day and 2-day VAS scores between TEAS and control groups.
Detailing individual study effect sizes (squares) with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines) and the aggregate pooled effect size (diamond) from all studies. VAS, visual analog scale; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Forest plot comparison of 1-day and 3-day MMSE scores between TEAS and control groups.
Detailing individual study effect sizes (squares) with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines) and the aggregate pooled effect size (diamond) from all studies. MMSE, mini-mental state examination; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Forest plot comparison of POCD rate between TEAS and control groups.
Detailing individual study effect sizes (squares) with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines) and the aggregate pooled effect size (diamond) from all studies. POCD, postoperative cognitive dysfunction; TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Forest plot comparison of adverse event (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and pruritus) rate between TEAS and control groups.
Detailing individual study effect sizes (squares) with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines) and the aggregate pooled effect size (diamond) from all studies. TEAS, transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation.
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Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(NO.2024ZL029).