Association between physical activity and diabetes control: multiple cross-sectional studies and a prospective study in a population-based, Swiss cohort

BMJ Open. 2024 Oct 21;14(10):e078929. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078929.

Abstract

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve their glycaemic control. We aimed to assess PA levels among participants with controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.

Research design and methods: Three cross-sectional analyses of a prospective cohort conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. PA levels (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) were either self-reported via questionnaire (first and second survey) or objectively assessed using accelerometry (second and third survey). T2DM control was defined as glycaemia <7.0 mmol/L or glycated haemoglobin <6.5% (48 mmol/mol).

Results: Data from 195 (30.3% women), 199 (30.1% women) and 151 (44.4% women) participants with T2DM were analysed in the first (2009-2012), second (2014-2017) and third (2018-2021) surveys. Approximately half of the participants did not have controlled glycaemia. Using subjective data, over 90% (first survey) and 75% (second survey) of participants reported moderate and vigorous PA >150 min/week. After multivariable adjustment, no differences were found regarding all types of self-reported PA levels between controlled and uncontrolled participants. Objective assessment of PA led to considerable differences according to the software used: 90% and 20% of participants with moderate and vigorous PA >150 min/week, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, no differences were found for all PA levels between controlled and uncontrolled participants, irrespective of the analytical procedure used. Using glycated haemoglobin, almost two-thirds of participants were considered as uncontrolled, and no differences were found for objectively assessed PA between controlled and uncontrolled participants.

Conclusions: No differences in PA levels were found between participants with controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.

Keywords: epidemiologic studies; general diabetes; preventive medicine.

MeSH terms

  • Accelerometry*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
  • Exercise*
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin* / analysis
  • Glycemic Control
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Self Report
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Switzerland

Substances

  • Glycated Hemoglobin
  • Blood Glucose