1 From the Department of Anesthesiology, Artificial Intelligence, Translational Neuroscience, and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
2 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
3 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine.
4 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
5 Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.