Mental Health Services for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Qualitative Study of Patient Characteristics, Associated Factors and Consequent Needs for Adaptation in Assessment and Treatment

J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2025 Jan;38(1):e13315. doi: 10.1111/jar.13315.

Abstract

Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of mental health disorders, but may struggle to access appropriate services. While assessment/treatment may need to be adapted, knowledge is limited about what such adaptations may entail.

Method: During a service development project, the participants (33 professionals, 13 family members) were asked to identify the characteristics/associated factors of individuals with intellectual disabilities and co-occurring mental health disorders. Using thematic analysis, 1103 participant responses were analyzed to identify the needs for adaptation in assessment/treatment.

Results: Three core themes were identified: (1) A broader assessment: Gaining an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the individual's history, abilities and difficulties, (2) Adjusting/modifying existing treatment strategies, (3) Ensuring that the individual's day-to-day needs are met.

Conclusions: According to the participants, assessment/treatment of mental health disorder in this population requires more time and broader assessments are necessary. Family/caregiver involvement and cross-service organisation/collaboration represent other important adaptations.

Keywords: adaptation; assessment; intellectual disability; mental health disorder; mental health services; treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Family / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Intellectual Disability* / therapy
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders* / therapy
  • Mental Health Services*
  • Middle Aged
  • Qualitative Research*
  • Young Adult